以太坊分片研究纲要

这是一个持续策划的列表,将添加或删除条目以反映与当前研究状态最相关的文章。

无国籍客户和证人

  • 无状态客户端概念:https://ethresear.ch/t/the-stateless-client-concept/172
  • 高效的 Merkle 证明和广义的 SSZ 轻客户端证明:https://github.com/ethereum/eth2.0-specs/blob/dev/specs/light_client/merkle_proofs.md
  • 批处理和多状态根的效率提升:https://ethresear.ch/t/detailed-analysis-of-stateless-client-witness-size-and-gains-from-batching-and-multi-state-roots/ 862/9和https://ethresear.ch/t/multi-tries-vs-partial-statelessness/391
  • 状态最小化执行:https://ethresear.ch/t/state-minimised-executions/748
  • 状态最小化合约的加密经济累加器:https://ethresear.ch/t/a-cryptoeconomic-accumulator-for-state-minimised-contracts/385
  • 使用多项式承诺替换状态根:https://ethresear.ch/t/using-polynomial-commitments-to-replace-state-roots/7095

跨分片通信

  • 合并块和同步跨分片状态执行:https://ethresear.ch/t/merge-blocks-and-synchronous-cross-shard-state-execution/1240
  • 跨分片锁定:https://ethresear.ch/t/cross-shard-locking-scheme-1/1269和https://ethresear.ch/t/cross-shard-locking-resolving-deadlock/1275和https://ethresear.ch/t/sharded-byzantine-atomic-commit/1285
  • 跨分片 yanking:https://ethresear.ch/t/cross-shard-contract-yanking/1450
  • 一个简单的同步跨分片交易协议:https://ethresear.ch/t/simple-synchronous-cross-shard-transaction-protocol/3097
  • 跨分片收据和休眠/唤醒防双花:https://ethresear.ch/t/cross-shard-receipt-and-hibernation-waking-anti-double-spending/4748
  • 通过乐观条件状态对象在慢速交叉分片之上的快速交叉分片:https://ethresear.ch/t/a-layer-2-computing-model-using-optimistic-state-roots/4481和https://ethresear.ch/t/fast-cross-shard-transfers-via-optimistic-receipt-roots/5337

基本信息和规格

  • 分片常见问题解答:https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/Sharding-FAQ
  • 信标链 Casper FFG 迷你规格:https://ethresear.ch/t/beacon-chain-casper-ffg-rpj-mini-spec/2760
  • 信标链完整规范:https://github.com/ethereum/eth2.0-specs/tree/master/specs/core
  • 分片思维导图:https://www.mindomo.com/zh/mindmap/sharding-d7cf8b6dee714d01a77388cb5d9d2a01
  • Eth2 路线图:https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ETaj8ruWAAM1AdG?format=jpg
  • 设计原理:https://notes.ethereum.org/9l707paQQEeI-GPzVK02lA

权益证明理论

股权证明常见问题解答:https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/Proof-of-Stake-FAQ
Casper FFG 论文:https://arxiv.org/abs/1710.09437
基于证明委员会的完整 PoS 链:https://ethresear.ch/t/attestation-committee-based-full-pos-chains/2259

Casper FFG/GHOST/信标链模拟

  • 主文件夹:https://github.com/ethereum/research/tree/master/clock_disparity
    • 节点:lmd_node.py
    • 测试脚本:lmd_test.py

卡斯帕CBC

CBC Casper 教程:https://vitalik.ca/general/2018/12/05/cbc_casper.html
Casper CBC,简化!:https://medium.com/@aditya.asgaonkar/casper-cbc-simplified-2370922f9aa6
信标链友好型 CBC Casper:https://ethresear.ch/t/beacon-chain-friendly-cbc-casper/4710/2
按位 LMD GHOST:https://ethresear.ch/t/bitwise-lmd-ghost/4749/5
LMD GHOST 实现:https://ethresear.ch/t/comparing-lmd-ghost-implementations/4945/3

外部链接

  • 通用 ZKP 方案信息:https://zkp.science/

各种各样的

轻客户端

  • 信标链轻客户端同步:https://notes.ethereum.org/Irbhsn63R0W6o-r0K9mBOA
  • Casper FFG 轻客户端同步:https://github.com/ethereum/eth2.0-specs/blob/dev/specs/light_client/sync_protocol.md

存储维护费/租金

  • 计算租金的简单而有原则的方法:https://ethresear.ch/t/a-simple-and-principled-way-to-compute-rent-fees/1455
  • 通过睡眠/唤醒机制改善用户体验:https://ethresear.ch/t/improving-the-ux-of-rent-with-a-sleeping-waking-mechanism/1480
  • 演员/资产模型:https://ethresear.ch/t/ethereum-2-0-data-model-actors-and-assets/4117
  • 合同的常见类别以及它们将如何处理持续的存储维护费用:https://ethresear.ch/t/common-classes-of-contracts-and-how-they-would-handle-ongoing-storage-maintenance-fees-租金/4441

监护证明

  • 可用性陷阱:https://ethresear.ch/t/proposer-withholding-and-collat​​ion-availability-traps/1294
  • 基于哈希的托管证明:https://ethresear.ch/t/extending-skin-in-the-game-of-notarization-with-proofs-of-custody/1639 和 https://ethresear.ch/t/bitwise-xor-custody-scheme/5139
  • 1 位聚合友好型托管债券:https://ethresear.ch/t/1-bit-aggregation-friendly-custody-bonds/2236
  • 当前方案:https://github.com/ethereum/eth2.0-specs/blob/dev/specs/core/1_custody-game.md

数据可用性证明

  • 通过纠删码进行欺诈证明和数据可用性证明:https://arxiv.org/abs/1809.09044
  • https://vitalik.ca/general/2019/09/22/plonk.html 中的多项式承诺部分(多项式承诺可用于提交 N 条数据,然后在 2N 或更多位置打开;任何 N 个开口可以重建相同的原始数据)
  • FRI 作为纠删码欺诈证明:https://ethresear.ch/t/fri-as-erasure-code-fraud-proof/6610
  • 编码默克尔树:https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.01247

随机性

  • 30%分片攻击:https://ethresear.ch/t/30-sharding-attack/1340
  • 不可操作熵的(不切实际的)想法:https://ethresear.ch/t/an-impractical-idea-for-unmanipulable-entropy/1355
  • RNG 可利用性分析(RANDAO):https://ethresear.ch/t/rng-exploitability-analysis-sumption-pure-randao-based-main-chain/1825
  • RANDAO 可利用性分析,第 2 轮:https://ethresear.ch/t/randao-beacon-exploitability-analysis-round-2/1980
  • 低影响函数(Iddo Bentov):https://arxiv.org/pdf/1406.5694.pdf
  • 交换或不洗牌:https://github.com/ethereum/eth2.0-specs/issues/563

时间戳

  • 对时间戳的激励担忧:https://ethresear.ch/t/highlighting-a-problem-stability-of-the-equilibrium-of-minimum-timestamp-enforcement/2257
  • 网络调整时间戳:https://ethresear.ch/t/network-adjusted-timestamps/4187

数据结构

  • 优化稀疏 Merkle 树:https://ethresear.ch/t/optimizing-sparse-merkle-trees/3751
  • 稀疏默克尔树的实现:https://github.com/ethereum/research/tree/master/trie_research/bintrie2
  • 双批次 Merkle 日志累加器:https://ethresear.ch/t/double-batched-merkle-log-accumulator/571

杂项杂项

  • 作弊、弱点和攻击: http://notes.ethereum.org/MwNgJgpgHFbAtAQwKwQvALNA7PW2p4AzAYwCYAjARgrGxIE4jgg=
  • 数据健忘:https://ethresear.ch/t/sharding-and-data-forgetfulness/61
  • 贿赂模型中的安全性:https://ethresear.ch/t/shard-security-in-the-bribing-model/1366
  • 更好的 Merkle 树:https://ethresear.ch/t/data-availability-proof-friendly-state-tree-transitions/1453/6
  • BLS 和 STARK 聚合签名:https://ethresear.ch/t/pragmatic-signature-aggregation-with-bls/2105
  • 限速进入/退出而不是取款:https://ethresear.ch/t/rate-limiting-entry-exits-not-withdrawals/4942/

英文原文:https://notes.ethereum.org/@serenity/H1PGqDhpm?type=view
翻译来自:谷歌

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